bri

Tue, 03 Oct 2006 12:43:08 GMT

Brian Giovanni
SUPA PAF - Smith
10.3.05

MODULE 1

Exercise 1.1
A. The term “societal problem” is defined as “some aspect of society, or, as we like to call it, ‘a societal condition,’ fails to meet one or more of the six goals.” The six societal goals are good health, personal safety, free expression, free choice, economic opportunity, and a clean environment.

B. See attached article (following page)

Exercise1.2
A. The term “public policy” is defined as “an actual or proposed government action intended to deal with a given societal problem.”

B. See attached articles (following pages)

Legislative Action:

Administrative Action:

Judicial Action:

C. See attached article (following page)

National (federal) public policy:

State policy:

Local public policy:

Exercise 1.3
A. Public Policy Skills defines players as “individuals, groups, or institutions that work to influence public policies. Players can be elected officials, appointed officials, organized groups, or private individuals who seek to shape society.”

B.

Exercise 1.4
A. Public interest or Lobby group
Environmental Defense
The website for Environmental Defense (environmentaldefense.org) has an extensive list of the “key” staffmembers who lobby and fight for their cause. The following list of staff are those who deal specifically with air pollution issues. (This list excludes scientists, analysts, and economists.)
Balbus, John M.- Senior Scientist, Program Director, Washington, DC
Darrell, Andrew H.- Regional Director, New York City
Graff, Thomas J.- Regional Director, Oakland
Haxthausen, Eric- Economist, Clean Car Policy Advocate, Washington, DC
MacLeod, Mark- Director, Special Projects, Washington, DC
Marston, James D.- Attorney, Director of the Energy Program in the Texas Office, Austin
Phillips, Kathryn- Manager, California Clean Air for Life Campaign, Oakland
Replogle, Michael- Transportation Director, Washington, DC
Shore, Michael- Southeast Air Quality Manager, Raleigh

B. Nonprofit Organization

C. Governmental departmental office
The City of New York- Department of Envrionmental Protection
Commissioner Emily Lloyd
no phone number listed, can be emailed through the official website (http://www.nyc.gov/html/dep/home.html)

D. Elected official

Fri, 29 Sep 2006 11:15:22 GMT

Brian Giovanni
Art History -- Bellsey
9.27.06

1. The palace of Knossos was the legendary home of King Minos. The palace layout was extremely complex. The structure was built against upper slopes and across the top of a low hill that rises from a fertile plain. It was surrounded by houses of high officials who served the royal house. The citadel of Tiryns contrasted greatly with openness of the Knossos palace. It is surrounded by fortified walls that are about twenty feet in thickness, revealing their defensive character. Its layout made it nearly impossible for enemies to infiltrate. Inside the palace the most important element was the megaron of the king containing a throne that was preceded by a vestibule with a columnar facade.

2. The Minoan culture originated on Crete and other islands in the Aegean. The Minoan civilization ended when Mycenaeans established themselves at Crete and occupied the area for less than a century. Cretan palaces, after being destroyed, inspired the creation of large citadels, leaving Mycenaean culture supreme.

3. The Minoan civilization came to a close at the end of the New Palace period at around 1400 B.C. The cause of the demise is debated, but it is widely believed that the Mycenaens moved onto Crete and established themselves at Knossos.

4. Minoan fresco paintings were done on true, or wet, fresco giving Minoan paintings quick, almost impressionistic effects. In Crete wall murals are found on the walls of palaces and depict aspects of Minoan life and nature. The stylized human figure are highly animated and have pinched waists. Their long curly hair and proud self-confident bearings show elegance. The curving Minoan line suggests the elasticity of the living and moving belly. Egyptian wall paintings of the New kingdom were done on fresco secco (dry). Usually found in tombs, the wall paintings usually reflected funerary value or helped ensure success in the afterlife. The New Kingdom Egyptian human figure were angular and followed regular Egyptian convention.

5. Heinrech Schliemen the archaeologist who discovered a number of cities built on the remains of one another at Mycenae. Homer's epic tale the Illiad was the source for Shliemenn's discoveries. His excavations uncovered a massive palace-fortress, elaborate tombs, and quantities of gold, cups, inlaid weapons, revealing the magnificent civilization.

6. Minoan potters fashioned sophisticated shapes using newly introduced potters' wheels and decorated their vases in a distinctive and fully polychromatic style. Minoan pottery showed their realization of the relationship between the vessel's decoration and its shape. The Kamares Ware jar depicts a leaping fish with fishnets surrounded by abstract patterns including waves and spirals, evoking liveliness in the sea. The forms are adjusted to and integrated with the shape of the vessel. On the octopus jar of the late Minoan period, the tentacles reach out over the vessel's surface, embracing the piece and its volume.

7. Cycladic sculpture and Minoan sculptures are similar and different. Cycladic sculptures have simple, sleek, and geometrically-shaped forms. The figurine of a women typifies many Cycladic figures Minoan sculptures is much more complex than Cycladic. The Harvester Vase from Crete is a relief sculpture shows a riotous crowd of harvesters singing and shouting as that go or return from the fields. The sculpture was able to capture the tension and relaxation of facial muscles with astonishing exactitude.

8. Trade between Egypt and Knossos allowed for the exchange of artistic ideas. Impact of Egyptian art is evident in many Minoan works, such as La Parisienne from Knossos. The fresco shows the full view of the eye in profile poses as seen in Egyptian conventions. The Lion Gate at Mycenae is comparable to the Sphinx at Gizeh and the lamassu.

9. In the middle Minoan period, palaces began to be built to house kings’ priestesse and retinues. The period ended abruptly with the destruction of these palaces around 1700 B.C. During the Late Minoan period, palaces rebuilt were large, comfortable, and handsome with ample staircases and courtyards for pageants, ceremonies, and games. All the palaces in Crete were laid out along similar lines. The Palace at Knossos had a complex layout, not only in shape but in elevation, that focused around a grand courtyard. The buildings were well-constructed with thick walls. Staircases were build around light and air wells, providing natural light and ventilation.

Sun, 20 Mar 2005 17:45:59 GMT

madd done with ljs.